Haryana

Haryana surrounds Delhi on three sides and lies between the Yamuna and the Aravallis. The capital is Chandigarh, shared with Punjab. The state was formed in 1966, split from Punjab along linguistic lines.

Haryana is a core part of the Green Revolution belt. Wheat and rice dominate, yields are among the highest in India, and the state is a major supplier to the national procurement system. The same agriculture has drawn down the water table across much of the state, and the resulting groundwater deficit is one of the most severe in the country. Alongside farming, the districts closest to Delhi have become a manufacturing and services corridor — cars, motorcycles, tractors and software.

Per-capita income is well above the national average, but the state has long had one of the most skewed child sex ratios in India, a consequence of sex-selective practices that improved in the 2010s but remain worse than the national figure. The share of the workforce in agriculture has fallen sharply as industrial and service employment in the Delhi periphery has grown.